Background information

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Background information Venray War Cemetery

1. “Served together, died together, buried together”

As early as the First World War, the British authorities had determined that the remains of the fallen were not to be repatriated. When the Imperial War Graves Commission, the predecessor of the current Commonwealth War Graves Commission, was established in 1917, it inherited this ban. However, the ban did fit in with an important principle of the Imperial War Graves Commission, namely equal treatment. Allowing repatriation would create inequality between the fallen from families who could afford the costs of repatriation and those whose families could not. The “rich” would go home, the “poor” would remain behind as a kind of “second-class” graves. The ban on repatriation did have a number of exceptions. For example, it only applied to subjects of the British Commonwealth. Military personnel of another nationality who were in the service of the British Commonwealth were allowed to be repatriated.

That does not alter the fact that the ban met with much resistance from the British public at the time. However, the Imperial War Graves Commission found the soldiers on their side. They expressed their preference to be buried next to their comrades under the motto: “served together, died together, buried together”.

The ban on repatriation remained in effect until the 1980s. Since then, survivors have been able to opt for repatriation.

2. Plotnummers, graven en grafstenen

The cemetery contains the official number of 693 men. Over the years, a number of ashes have been scattered.

Desondanks telt de begraafplaats “maar” 683 grafstenen. Dat komt omdat op een tiental grafstenen de namen van twee militairen worden vermeld. Plotnummers V.A.10-11 hebben vier stenen met daarop acht namen. Plotnummers V.C.5-8: zes stenen met twee namen.

The cemetery is divided into eight sections: I to VIII. The odd sections are on the left; the even sections on the right. Sections I to IV each have 6 rows (A to F) with 13 plot numbers each. Sections V to VII have 7 rows (A to G) with 13 plot numbers. The total number of plot numbers is 676. How does this number relate to the 683 gravestones?

This is first of all because the cemetery has two plot numbers (IV.C.10 and VII.C.4) where no one is buried. Here also a gravestone is missing. So there are 674 graves and 683 gravestones.

Het verschil van 9 wordt daardoor verklaard dat bij 10 graven (plotnummers) meer dan één grafsteen staat.

V.A.10-11:    4 stenen/2 plotnummers
V.C.5-8:       7 stenen/4 plotnummers
VII.B.1-2:     4 stenen/2 plotnummers
VII-D.9-10:  4 stenen/2 plotnummers
                  19 stenen/10 plotnummers

Joint graves/collective graves

Een “joint grave” bevat de stoffelijke resten van militairen; een “collective grave” bevat de stoffelijke resten van drie of meer militairen één graf. 

De begraafplaats heeft de volgende joint graves:  

VII. B. 10-11. 

Collective graves:

V. A. 10-11
V. C. 5-8.
VII. A. 1-6.
VII. B. 1-2
VII. D. 6-11.
VIII. D. 9-10.

De collective graves zijn op de begraafplaats vaak daaraan te herkennen dat de grafstenen dichter bij elkaar staan. 

Buried near to this spot

De grafstenen van Henry Burnside (VII.E.9) en John Lawson (VII.E.10) hebben het opschrift “Buried near to this spot”. Dat betekent in dit geval dat wel vaststaat dat zij in de graven VII.E.9 en VII.E.10 zijn begraven maar dat onzeker is wie in welk graf ligt. 

3. Locatie veldgraven

Below is an overview of the locations from which the soldiers were transferred to Venray War Cemetery. This does not always mean that the soldiers died at those locations.

Margraten165
Venray131
Maasbree68
Helden43
Meerlo29
Ysselsteyn25
Sevenum21
Leunen18
Heibloem16
Heythuysen16
Oostrum16
Veulen15
Düren (D)14
Melderslo11
Heide9
Merselo8
Overloon8
Neerkant7
Roggel7
Wanssum7
Lottum6
Horst5
Kessel5
Deurne4
Broekhuizen3
Broekhuizenvorst3
Meijel3
Nunhem3
Roermond3
Grubbenvorst2
Baarlo2
Neer2
St. Oedenrode2
Tienray2
Afferden1
Baexem1
Blitterswijck1
Brumholt1
Grubbenvorst1
Haelen1
Helenaveen1
America1
Griendtsveen1
Meterik1
Maasniel1
Nederweert1
Sittard1
St. Odilienberg1
 693

The soldiers who were transferred from Margraten were recovered by the American Graves Service and initially buried at the American cemetery there. In most cases their field graves were in Germany. Afterwards they were transferred to Venray by the British 55 Graves Concentration Unit.

 

4. Overbrengingen

Venray War Cemetery has two plot numbers (IV.C.10 and VII.C.4) that do not have a gravestone. No one is buried at these locations either. However, that was not always the case.

In the photo below the missing gravestones are clearly visible.

Source: GWGC War Cemetery Adoption Graves Foundation

IV.C.10

On August 9, 1949, the remains of Lieutenant Jacques Denis Alexandre Lemoine were

Reburied in plot number IV.C.10. Jacques Lemoine was born on 22 September 1914 and served with the 2nd Bn South Wales Borderers. He was killed in action on 23 November 1944. His field grave was located at Korte Heide in Maasbree. Jacques Lemoine’s remains were exhumed on 16 August 1949 and transferred a few days later to the French War Cemetery in Kapelle. As Lemoine was of French nationality, the ban on repatriation did not apply to him. Since then, plot number IV.C.10 has been “vacant”.

VII.C.4

In plot VII.C.4, the remains of an unidentified Royal Air Force pilot were buried on 22 November 1946. He was later identified as Flying Officer Henri Huynen. Henri Huynen was a pilot serving with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and was of Belgian nationality. On 22 March 1945, his Mosquito was shot down near Cologne. Huynen, the navigator, and his pilot, Flight Lieutenant Walter Henri, were both killed. Henri Huynen’s remains were transferred on 20 June 1950 to the Brussels Town Cemetery Belgian Airmen’s Field of Honour, where he now rests beside Walter Henri. Since then, plot number VII.C.4 has also been “vacant”. At the cemetery, it can still be seen that a headstone is missing in rows IV.C. and VII.C. However, other transfers also took place that are no longer visible.

VII.G.2.

On 1 April 1947, the remains of an unknown member of the Royal Air Force (designated X1288) are transferred from the American cemetery in Margraten to Venray. He is buried in VII.G.2. In May 1947, the exact date is not legible on the Grave Concentration Report, the unknown is “extracted to (illegible)”. According to a Graves Registration Report Form dated 27 January 1954, grave VII.G.2. is “vacant”.

In 2003, the remains of Warant Officer Evan Tom Davies were found in Broekhuizen.

He was reburied on 9 June 2004 in plot VII.G.2. Evan Davies is the last serviceman to be buried at Venray War Cemetery to date.

VII.D.12. and VII.D.13

On 25 March 1947, the remains of Pilot Officer Andrew Patrick Gilmour and Flight Lieutenant Robert Charles Platt were buried from the American cemetery in Margraten in plot numbers VII.D.12 and VII.D.13 respectively. Just over a month later, on 1 May 1947, they were reburied at the Overloon War Cemetery. There they were reunited with four other members of their crew who were also transferred from Margraten to Overloon on 1 May 1947. That same day, the remains of Walter Green and Patrick McGee were reburied from Margraten in the vacant graves VII.D.12 and V.D.13.

From IV.B.11 to VI.G.8.

Lance Corporal Albert Martin Baker is reburied on 6 September 1946 on plot number IV.B.11. His field grave was located in Oostrum. On 24 September 1946 his grave is moved from plot number IV.B.11. to plot number VI.G.8. The reasons for this are unknown. A little over a week later the remains of an unknown soldier are buried on plot number IV.B.11.

Closure

At present, 693 men rest at Venray War Cemetery. However, on 2 May 1947, this number was 695. On that date, the graves of Henri Huynen, Jacques Lemoine and the unknown in VII.G.2. were still in the cemetery, but Evan Davies had not yet been reburied here.

5. Militairen versus burgers 

Military692
Citizens1
 693

The citizen is William Rippon (VIIIE.6). He was a war correspondent for the Peterborough Citizen & Advertiser. William Rippon died in a car accident near Venlo.

De verdeling naar legeronderdeel van de 666 geïdentificeerde militaire graven als volgt: 539 Landmacht, 125 Luchtmacht en 2 Marine. 

6. Country of service

United Kingdom634
Canadian22
Nieuw Zeeland5
Australian5
Polish1
 667

In most cases, the soldiers also had the nationality of the country where they were serving and lived there. But there were exceptions.

Flying Officer Geoffrey Winslow (VII.F.6) lived in Canada, served in the Royal Canadian Air Force but had American nationality. Robert Stapley (VII.C.3) and Joseph Meilleur (III.D.4) had Canadian nationality but served in British units (respectively the Rifle Brigade and the King’s Own Scottish Borderers).

Flying Officer Louis Piché (I.E.13) was a Canadian national, also served in the Royal Canadian Air Force, but lived in the United States.

Van de zesentwintig onbekende militairen kan de “country of service” niet met zekerheid worden vastgesteld. Deze zijn niet meegenomen in bovenstaande tabel.

7. Leeftijdsopbouw

De leeftijdsopbouw van de 667 militairen waarvan de graven zijn geïdentificeerd, is als volgt. 

AgeNumber
171
1839
1948
2048
2168
≤25373
≤30550
≤35642
≤40662
411
423
571

De jongste militair is George Laurie (VIII.D.5); de oudste  William Rippon (VII.F.6). De gemiddelde leeftijd bedraagt 25 jaar en 4 maanden.

8. Militaire eenheden

De 667 militairen waarvan het graf is geïdentificeerd, behoorden tot 74 verschillende eenheden.

Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve88
Royal Artillery41
Royal Ulster Rifles39
King’s Shropshire Light Infantry38
Royal Armoured Corps35
Royal Engineers30
King’s Own Scottish Borderers21
Royal Canadian Air Force20
Suffolk Regiment20
South Lancashire Regiment18
Gordon Highlanders17
Monmouthshire Regiment17
Royal Scots17
Seaforth Highlanders17
Royal Warwickshire Regiment15
Royal Corps of Signals12
Royal Norfolk Regiment11
Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)10
East Yorkshire Regiment10
Lincolnshire Regiment10
Rifle Brigade10
Royal Army Service Corps10
The Parachute Regiment, A.A.C.9
Pioneer Corps8
King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry7
Royal Tank Regiment, R.A.C.7
South Wales Borderers7
Royal Air Force6
Dorsetshire Regiment6
Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry6
Reconnaissance Corps, R.A.C.6
Royal Scots Fusiliers6
Essex Regiment5
Gloucestershire Regiment5
Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment)5
Royal Australian Air Force5
York and Lancaster Regiment5
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders4
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)4
Coldstream Guards4
Middlesex Regiment4
Royal New Zealand Air Force4
Scots Guards4
Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry3
Cheshire Regiment2
Corps of Military Police2
Durham Light Infantry2
Green Howards (Yorkshire Regiment)2
King’s Royal Rifle Corps2
Northamptonshire Regiment2
Royal Berkshire Regiment2
Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)2
Royal Marines2
Royal Welch Fusiliers2
Welsh Guards2
1st Canadian Parachute Battalion, R.C.I.C.1
Duke of Wellington’s (West Riding Regiment)1
General List1
Irish Guards1
Manchester Regiment1
New Zealand Machine Gun Battalion1
Polish Air Force1
Royal Air Force (Auxiliary Air Force)1
Royal Army Medical Corps1
Royal Canadian Infantry Corps1
Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers1
Royal Horse Artillery1
Royal Irish Fusiliers1
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers1
Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby Regiment)1
The Glider Pilot Regiment, A.A.C.1
The Queen’s Royal Regiment (West Surrey)1
War Correspondent1
Welch Regiment1
 667

Van de zesentwintig onbekende militairen kan de eenheid niet met zekerheid worden vastgesteld. Deze zijn niet meegenomen in bovenstaande tabel.

9. Rangen

In onderstaande tabel zijn de rangen weergegeven van de 667 militairen waarvan het graf is geïdentificeerd.

Private216
Sergeant/Serjeant72
Lance Corporal52
Corporal46
Rifleman40
Trooper27
Fligth Sergeant24
Flying Officer24
Gunner21
Lieutenant21
Sapper17
Captain13
Pilot Officer12
Driver11
Flight Lieutenant9
Lance Serjeant9
Fusilier8
Bombardier7
Guardsman7
Warrant Officer7
Lance Bombardier3
Major3
Signalman3
Warrant Officer Class II3
Second Lieutenant2
Company Quartermaster Serjeant1
Craftsman1
Kapral1
Leading Aircraftman1
Lieutenant Colonel1
Marine1
Piper1
Reporter1
Squadron Leader1
Staff Serjeant1
 667

Van de zesentwintig onbekende militairen kan de rang niet met zekerheid worden vastgesteld. Deze zijn niet meegenomen in bovenstaande tabel.

NB: De informatie in de voorafgaande paragrafen is grotendeels gebaseerd op de database van de Commonwealth War Graves Commission (www.cwgc.org/find-records/).